Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This is the fourth in a series of articles from the Wilkes Community Partnership for Children on disabilities. The purpose of this series is to increase awareness of diagnosed disabilities in young children.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly studied and diagnosed disorders in children and adolescents. ADHD symptoms may begin in early childhood usually by age six to twelve. It is common in children and can continue to adulthood. Hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness are symptoms of ADHD that can cause problems at home, school, work, or in relationships.

It is estimated that estimated that 3% to 5% of children have ADHD. Experts also estimate that ADHD may occur in 8% to 10% of school-aged children. (National Institute of Mental Health) It is unknown if children really outgrow ADHD which means ADHD may be more common in adults than previously thought.

Despite the fact that ADHD is being the most commonly studied disorder in children and adolescents, the cause in the most cases is ADHD unknown. ADHD is diagnosed approximately three times more often in boys than in girls. About 30 to 50 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD as a child continue to have symptoms as an adult.

Inattention in a child with ADHD is often shown by these characteristics: easily distracted; does not follow directions; not listening when someone is speaking; making careless mistakes; not paying attention; forgetful about daily activities; organizing problems; inability to sit still for a reasonable; losing things like personal items; daydreaming tendencies.

Hyperactivity in a child with ADHD is often shown by these characteristics: squirming, fidgeting, or bouncing; not staying seated as expected; difficulty playing quietly; moving, running and/or climbing things constantly; talking excessively.

Impulsivity in a child with ADHD is often shown by these characteristics: difficulties waiting for his/her turn; blurting out answers before question has been completed; interrupts often. Management of ADHD can involve counseling, medications, and changes in lifestyle. Medications are only recommended as the first treatment for children with ADHD when children have severe symptoms. Children with moderate symptoms who do not respond with improvement to counseling are considered for medication. The long-term effects of medication are not known and medication is not recommended for preschoolers.

Since the 1970’s ADHD and the diagnosis and treatment have been considered controversial. Health care providers accept the ADHD diagnosis with the debate being related to how ADHD is diagnosed and treated.

If you have concerns about your child, talk with your child’s physician. Visit the National Resource Center on ADHD for more information.

The Wilkes Community Partnership for Children is a Smart Start and United Way Funded Agency.